Windows Installation of Desktop WSL2 Linux Subsystem

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## Translated Text

Running a Linux desktop on Windows using **WSL 2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux)** is currently the highest-performance, most memory-efficient, and smoothest solution. Microsoft officially supports **WSLg** (WSL Graphic) natively, which means you can run Linux GUI graphical applications directly on Windows **without any complex configuration**; if you want to experience a **complete Linux windowed desktop** (such as Ubuntu/XFCE), it only requires a few simple steps.

Below is the complete installation and usage tutorial:

## Preparation

-   **System Requirements**:
    -   Windows 10 (version 2004 and above, build 19041 and above)
    -   Windows 11 (recommended, best experience, native support for WSLg graphics acceleration)
-   **Hardware Requirements**: **Hardware virtualization (VT-x / AMD-V)** must be enabled in the BIOS (most modern computers have this enabled by default).

## Step One: One-click Enable and Install WSL 2

Microsoft now provides a "one-click install" command that automatically enables Windows virtualization components, downloads the latest Linux kernel, and installs Ubuntu by default.

1.  **Open Terminal as Administrator**:
    -   Press `Win + X` on your keyboard, then select **Terminal (Admin)** or **PowerShell (Admin)**.

2.  **Run the installation command**: In the terminal, type the following command and press Enter:

    ```PowerShell
    wsl --install
    ```

3.  **Restart your computer**:
    -   After the command finishes executing, **restart your computer** as prompted to enable the system's virtualization components.

4.  **Initialize Ubuntu account**:
    -   After restarting and entering Windows, a black command line window will automatically pop up, displaying `Installing, this may take a few minutes...`.
    -   Wait a moment, then follow the prompts to enter your custom **Linux Username** and **Password** (*Note: Characters will not be displayed on the screen when entering the password; just type it and press Enter*).
    -   When you see `username@computername:~$`, WSL 2 has been successfully installed!

> **Tip**: If you want to install other Linux distributions (such as Debian, Arch, Kali), you can type `wsl --list --online` in PowerShell to view the list, then use `wsl --install -d <DistroName>` to install.

## Step Two: Using Linux (Two Common Methods)

### Method One: Directly Run Single Linux GUI Application (Official WSLg Mode, Most Recommended)

In Windows 10/11, you **do not need to install any third-party software** to directly launch graphical software from the Linux command line, and it will appear as an independent window, just like a native Windows application.

1.  Update software sources in the WSL terminal:

    ```Bash
    sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
    ```

2.  Test installing and running a Linux graphical software (e.g., Gedit editor or GIMP image processing tool):

    ```Bash
    sudo apt install gedit -y
    gedit
    ```

    You will find that `Gedit` will pop up directly as a Windows window! At the same time, shortcuts for Linux software will also be automatically generated in the Windows "Start Menu".

### Method Two: Run Full Linux Desktop (with Desktop Wallpaper, Taskbar)

If you want a **complete Linux desktop** like a traditional virtual machine (including a start menu, desktop icons, and taskbar), the lightest and most stable way is to combine **XFCE Desktop + Remote Desktop**.

#### 1. Install XFCE Desktop and xrdp in WSL 2

Run the following commands line by line in the Ubuntu terminal:

```Bash
# 1. Update software list
sudo apt update

# 2. Install lightweight XFCE desktop environment
sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-goodies -y

# 3. Install remote desktop service (xrdp)
sudo apt install xrdp -y

# 4. Backup and configure xrdp to use xfce4 desktop
sudo cp /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini.bak
sudo sed -i 's/3389/3390/g' /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini
echo "startxfce4" > ~/.xsession

# 5. Start xrdp service
sudo service xrdp start
```

#### 2. Connect to the Linux Desktop

1.  Open Windows **Remote Desktop Connection** (press `Win + R`, type `mstsc`, and press Enter).

2.  In the "Computer" field, enter:

    ```Plaintext
    localhost:3390
    ```

3.  Click **Connect** (if a security warning pops up, check "Don't ask me again" and click "Yes").

4.  In the login interface that appears:
    -   **Session**: Keep `Xorg`
    -   **username**: Enter your WSL username
    -   **password**: Enter your WSL password

5.  Click **OK**, and you will see a smoothly running full Linux desktop!

## Step Three: Common Management and Tips

### 1. Common WSL Command Lines (Run in Windows PowerShell)

-   **View installed systems and WSL versions**:

    ```PowerShell
    wsl -l -v
    ```

    *(Ensure VERSION shows as 2)*

-   **Shut down WSL virtual machine (release memory)**:

    ```PowerShell
    wsl --shutdown
    ```

-   **Restart WSL**:

    ```PowerShell
    wsl --shutdown
    wsl
    ```

### 2. Windows and Linux File Interoperability

-   **View Linux files in Windows**: Open Windows File Explorer, and at the bottom of the left sidebar, you will see **Linux (or a penguin icon)**. Click it to access Ubuntu files just like reading and writing to a local hard drive. Or, in the WSL terminal, type:

    ```Bash
    explorer.exe .
    ```

-   **Access Windows drives in Linux**: Windows C: drive, D: drive, etc., are automatically mounted under Linux's `/mnt/` directory. For example, to access the C: drive:

    ```Bash
    cd /mnt/c
    ```

## Troubleshooting Common Issues

1.  **Executing `wsl --install` reports error: `0x80370102`**
    -   **Reason**: Hardware virtualization is not enabled in the BIOS.
    -   **Solution**: Restart your computer, enter BIOS/UEFI settings, find `Intel Virtualization Technology` or `SVM Mode`, and enable it.

2.  **After closing Remote Desktop, cannot connect next time?**
    Because the `xrdp` service may not start automatically every time WSL restarts. Before entering the desktop each time, run the following command in the WSL terminal to start the service:

    ```Bash
    sudo service xrdp start
    ```
    If you want to automatically start xrdp, you can read [Configure WSL2 Linux Virtual Machine to Automatically Start xrdp](https://www.lodenhu.com/post/configure-wsl2-linux-virtual-machine-to-automatically-start-xrdp).